Zinc has long been considered a useful remedy against colds. Today some studies show how it can act against rhinovirus, the germ responsible for the classic winter disorder.
Since 1974, when Korant, Kauer and Butterworth published in the journal Nature, their study on the ability of zinc ions to inhibit rhinovirus replication, the hypothesis that zinc can prevent or treat colds has spread widely.
Many subsequent studies have looked at different formulations of zinc and their effect on the course of cold symptoms, as well as the potential biochemical mechanism.
The exact mechanism of action is still unknown, but there is a hypothesis that zinc may affect cold viruses.
Zinc and viral replication
Although over 200 different viruses can cause colds, rhinoviruses are thought to be the cause of almost half of all colds.
Zinc seems to be able to inhibit viral replication, and therefore, prevent disease progression and alleviate symptoms.
In addition, this mineral has an affinity for the ICAM-1 receptor, to which rhinoviruses bind to infect cells in the respiratory tract.
Binding zinc to ICAM-1, or to the rhinovirus-ICAM-1 complex, would prevent infection of the nasal epithelium, preventing colds.
There is zinc and zinc
In the 80s and 90s, several studies were conducted using different topical zinc preparations, which showed that not all formulations are equally active.
The differences consist in the different release of zinc ions, not exactly predictable. It is better, therefore, to always turn to preparations for oral use.
It is not yet known what the best dosage is, although, oral intake seems free of side effects.
For this reason, further studies are needed in order to better quantify the effects of zinc and make the most of its advantages.
What we know for sure today is that zinc is an antioxidant mineral and has been shown to strengthen the body’s natural defenses.
On the market there are several supplements that contain zinc, also in association with other minerals and vitamins.
Joycelyn Elders is the author and creator of EmpowerEssence, a health and wellness blog. Elders is a respected public health advocate and pediatrician dedicated to promoting general health and well-being.
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